A aplicação dessas formulações de biocontrole acarretou em aumento significativo nas atividades de peroxidases (PO), polifenol oxidase (PPO), fenilalanina amônia liase (PAL), quitinase e beta-1,3-glicanase nas plantas infectadas com G. harzianum, em combinação com quitina), sobre a indução de enzimas de defesa e fenóis em raízes de coqueiros infectados com Ganoderma lucidum, o agente causal da enfermidade Ganoderma.
Investigou-se o efeito da aplicação, no solo, de agentes de biocontrole (Pseudomonas fluorescens, Trichoderma viride e T.
viride + chitin reduced the incidence of Ganoderma disease in coconut may be related to its ability to induce defense mechanisms in coconut palms.Ĭhitin Ganoderma disease induced systemic resistance pathogenesis-related proteins phenolics Pseudomonas fluorescens Trichoderma The beta-1,3-glucanase activity was maximum 9 d after treatment application. Chitinase isozyme analysis revealed that a unique Chit3 isoform was induced in coconut roots treated with P. Activity of chitinase was significantly increased from the third day after treatment imposition and continued to increase up to 9 to 12 d in all treatments. Accumulation of phenolics was recorded 3 d after treatment and reached maximum levels 9 d after treatment application. Isozyme analysis revealed that unique PO3 and PPO2 isozymes were induced in coconut palms treated with P. Activities of both PAL and PO reached maximum levels within 3 d while the activity of PPO reached the maximum level 6 d after application of a mixture of P. Soil application of these biocontrol formulations in combination with chitin induced a significant increase in the activities of peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chitinase and beta-1,3-glucanase in the G. harzianum) in combination with chitin on induction of phenolics and defense enzymes in coconut roots infected with Ganoderma lucidum, the causal agent of Ganoderma disease, was investigated. Our structure provides a physiologically relevant basis for the future structure-based rational design of G4-targeted berberine derivatives, and this study demonstrates that it is crucial to validate the ligand–DNA interactions.The effect of soil application of biocontrol agents (Pseudomonas fluorescens, Trichoderma viride and T. Herein, we show that in solution, the binding mode and stoichiometry of berberine are substantially different from the crystal structure: berberine binds as a monomer to MycG4 using a base-recruitment mechanism with a reversed orientation in that the positively charged convex side is actually positioned above the tetrad center. G4-targeted berberine derivatives have been actively developed however, the analogue design was based on a previous crystal structure in which berberine binds as a dimer to a parallel G-quadruplex. The major G-quadruplex formed in the promoter region of the MYC oncogene (MycG4) is an attractive drug target and a prominent example and model structure for parallel G-quadruplexes. The medicinal natural product berberine is one of the most actively studied and pursued G-quadruplex (G4)-ligands.